Gender inequality is
not new in traditional African society. This is in fact, not very much than it
is now asserted in different countries. At present, in Africa mostly violated
and then comes the rest of the world where gender inequality is perceived to bloom.
Injustice given to the women seems to be increasing. In Africa, the most
commonly occurring of rape in each three to six seconds. Considering the U.S.,
women are physically abused every 9 second, whereas in India, five thousand
women are murdered approximately each year through the ceremony of dowry
murder. In any case, this tragic event is the top of iceberg. However, Customs
such as female genital mutilation continues as to be devastating many
communities of practice; the British medical authorities and doctors warned
that the first few weeks, in a recent immigrant to look at it.
Gender
Roles
The activities of
gender responsibilities, roles, and rights in a society of normal men and women
appropriately follow. In Africa there is no single model of gender roles.
Different cultures on the African continent, the role of men and women, many
different ideas, although in general women are subordinate in public life and
family life of the man. Such as gender roles, sexual behavior and sexual
attitudes of different standards of conduct extensive in Africa. For
generations, however, regardless of gender roles in Africa and sexual attitudes
have changed, especially in the cities and in the West’s influence have been
the strongest region.
African traditional
culture has been clear that men and women have different roles in society.
Girls and boys grow up; they know what kind of society they are growing in.
Because of their livestock to boys, girls will be responsible for the firewood
and water, while children hunting, girls will improve the strength in mainly
the cooking. Then coming towards the marriage, the young men finds himself into
a husband’s placed one of the leader of the community. Same goes to the women.
Therefore, their life will want to live in this old model is more based on
social norms and less based on personal desire.
Women’s
and children’s vulnerability To HIV/AIDS
Worldwide, HIV / AIDS
are the reason of death for many. The proportion of HIV and AIDS, led to
women’s reproductive age. This caused by the change between the various regions
of the world significantly. Women account for a lower proportion of people
living with HIV. However, Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa are the main
regions, where this ratio is quite high.
Sub-Saharan Africa
1985 led the
sub-Saharan Africa with most of the HIV-infected people, because of their
female. However, infection rates increased over the years and HIV and AIDS has
surpassed the number of women and infection is still more than men. In 2009,
some 12 million in the sub-Saharan, most of the women infected with HIV and
AIDS patients compare to about 8.2 million citizens. UNAIDS estimates, about
three women of all the contaminated with HIV lives in sub-Saharan Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa is
the world where the majority of heterosexual HIV spread occurs during sexual
contact areas. Since women are double, they are more likely to obtain than from
a man of unprotected heterosexual intercourse in HIV-infected partner, women
disproportionately infected in the region.
Women and children
Mother to child
transmission (MTCT) is a problem, directly affecting women. Women when
documents in pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding the baby of the virus.
UNAIDS said that in the last of 2009, an estimation of two and a half million
children (15 years old) infected with HIV, most of them will be infected if not
treated their mothers. They could live up to maximum 27 years of age; the high
numbers of children would possibly not live to their adult life.
Drugs can minimize a
gain of about 40% of the HIV virus from mother to child less than 2% chance;
they cannot be used in different areas of the world. In the ongoing years,
pharmaceutical companies have been substantially lowered, such as AZT and
nevirapine drug, which in developing countries to prevent mother to child
spread of HIV to help prices. However, due to limited human resources and poor
infrastructure, many women still do not get these drugs.
Women who are victims
of sexual violence were at higher risk of HIV infection, and lack of condom use
rape and forced nature means that more women vulnerable to HIV infection
immediately. A South African study concluded that their partners who are beaten
or dominated by women more vulnerable to HIV infection, a woman who was not.
Another couples in India found that the spread of HIV, not only in a very
abusive relationships largely occurs, but abusive husband. HIV infection is
more likely than non-abusive husbands.
Social
difference in Africa
Social and economic
policies favored by the colonial state men generally. Since independence, the
role differences in men and women, and even the laws as a result of greater.
Thus, women lag behind others in education, literacy, and in getting good jobs.
In the current world
women, the third world especially, has given an unfair treatment. No wonder the
major international issue has been the gender inequality. In Africa, the gender
inequality is worse than the previous few decades ago. Obviously, the West may
bring a lot of benefits, but gender equality is not one of them.
Economists have
generally focused on the per capita income as the main indicator. In mainstream
economic theory, education is often represents a key aspect of human capital,
with a positive factor into the production function. Men and women with lower
education, lower level of human capital transformation. Therefore, in theory,
have a direct impact on women’s education from the income (or growth). There
are also some strong arguments to support economic growth beyond the direct
impact of female education more positive impact. These measures include the
mother’s health, children’s health and education, and fertility effects. In
general, support the existence of such indirect effects, higher female
education to make women more informed mothers, thus helping to reduce child
mortality and malnutrition. Increasing the proportion of educated women may
also help to reduce fertility. In general, female education is negatively
related to low fertility and low birth rate is related to dependency ratio.
Conversely, low dependency ratio is associated with higher income.
Power
relations between men and women in Africa
In many of the African
countries, men have been given the part to be the political and business
leaders, community development and women at the forefront of the leadership of
the family. Women’s groups, thousands of people scattered all over. These people
have proven time to time, that unity is real power. Always being the sources of
economic power, which in turn makes them much-needed self-esteem. In China,
many people were unable to provide the leadership was mainly due to the
requirements of professional and downright laziness and apathy. This has left
de facto decision-makers in the home of the woman. However, women’s economic
barriers greatly limit the decision to leave the economic power of the people
as decision makers. Those who are decision-makers do not have time or
inclination to make informed decisions.
Today, it is not
uncommon for teenage girls to be married, widow inheritance by force and with
other ‘property ‘ along. Wife-beating is a very part of our modern life too.
The impact of this violence seems unstoppable. However, this is just despicable
violence against women, many of the unjust. The United Nations estimates, in
each of Africa’s farm sixty-six Eighty percent is borne by women. Many girls in
these areas had to drop out of school, because priority is given to boys.
Reason for its existence is that the meager resources should take care of
children, because they are the ones who will always be with their parents.
Gender
role effecting African women
Learn how the people
of different gender are expected to act as a growth in any important part of
society. In Africa as elsewhere, men and women have traditionally been in the
family and the community and the work they do different roles.
Africa’s first
economies were based on hunting and gathering wild food. Some societies, such
as in the Kalahari Desert! Sai Kung and in the Congo (DRC) of tropical rain
Linmubati, survived to modern times is almost entirely unchanged. Through them,
scientists have been able to study the ancient hunting and gathering way of
life. On the biological and the theory of the early development of human
society and hunting meat emphasized the importance of the role of men. Today,
however, researchers know that women in many of the early social major economic
producers. Between 60 and 80 percent of the outcomes of the existing hunting
and gathering societies, calories consumed by people, roots, grains, nuts, honey
and other food collected by women.
This pattern did not
change after caught agriculture, much of Africa. Today’s women about 60 to 80
percent contribute in agricultural labor. In most rural areas throughout
Africa, the role of agriculture in different men, one is by a specific
gender-related tools and methods that the truth. Ax is considered a tool for
men, because men clear and ready to land. They also plow the fields. Hoe is
reserved for women, who grow, harvest, processing and storage of crops. Women
also used for the production of the family, including access to water and
firewood, food is often involved in the most remote tasks, responsibilities.
Shift in the colonial
period generally cash-based economy to benefit more men than women in Africa.
In most cases, the colonial officials have acknowledged the authority of men,
not women, they were men of business. Women are still an important producer,
but often they are produced by her father, husband, brother or sale. The men
enjoy women’s work from the belief that income has not completely disappeared
in modern Africa.
As colonialism
continues to consolidate its land in Africa, women’s contribution to family
farming that is less important, because the importance of their role in food
production is more lucrative cash crops controlled by men, cast a shadow.
Second, by introducing the negative effects of colonialism, women’s labor wages
directly affect women, because they must be legal in certain circumstances, for
the European plantation economy of wage labor. While forced labor, physical and
sexual abuse is often committed by African women for their crimes. Therefore,
further damage to plantation work and the ability of the well-being of women,
for productivity, because they previously had in the past.
It is clear that
colonialism has led to women’s economic independence and their social and
political decline in a certain social status. Colonialism in Africa, despite
the successful pre-colonial men taught the centuries, this feeling is generally
unfounded sense of superiority in non-Islamized women of African countries do
not have a strange sense of superiority. Obviously, even today, in modern
Africa, women still want to continue with the life of slavery and abuse,
because they are women. However, I with great pleasure, once again, we have
witnessed a rise in female consciousness and self-confidence for women to say
no to social contempt and disrespect. Today’s women, as they have refused to
accept the colonial era prison, regardless of their racial injustice.
Conclusion
As Africans strive to
restore respect and dignity of African women’s position, even more than she
enjoyed in the past, depending only when a country allows respecting the
dignity of women and treated fairly. The real development, may occur when we
consider women as mothers and primary caregivers in the human front. Therefore,
they are nurturing and building, we are building throughout the country and
continent.
There is a gap between
men and women to fully appreciate the far-reaching; we must acknowledge this
basic fact. Gender inequality is not a pain, but many women and men have
different life on the range of the girls and boys. It also needs to revisit and
closely scrutinize some of our lessons from past experience tend to work. There
is no good reason to give up understanding that women’s empowerment to improve
the impact of the voice and influence of women does help to reduce gender
inequalities in many different types, can also reduce women to conquer men
suffered from indirect punishment. However, the growing inequality in the birth
rate, basically to ask questions, much more complex. When women in some areas
like the boys and girls have their own strength, the resulting inequality on
the correct call for the broader needs of the birth rate of women’s
organizations comes it would be the addition to at least consider other
possible effects.
Somehow in dealing
with some of the new – “high tech” – face of gender difference, in the form of
inequality, there is a need to go beyond just the agency of women, but to look
also for more critical assessment of received values. When anti-female bias in
action (such as sex-specific abortion) reflects the hold of traditional
masculinity values from which mothers themselves may not be immune, what is needed
is not just freedom of action but also freedom of thought – in women’s ability
and willingness to question received values. Informed and critical agency is
important in combating inequality of every kind. Gender inequality, including
its many faces, is no exception. #SDG5 #GenderEquity #WomenEmpowerment
#RightsForAll #HumanityandInclusivity
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